2026-10-06 –, Pegna
Snow avalanches are a destructive force that pose significant risks for exposed buildings, public roads or ski resort infrastructure. In order to mitigate this risk to infrastructure and additionally reducing the exposure of professional workers, remote avalanche control systems (RACS) are widely used in mountainous regions all over the world. These RACS contain explosive charges that are deployed in fall before the start of winter, either by helicopter or by foot depending on the system. During winter, if meteorological circumstances require it, explosive charges can be triggered remotely in order to release avalanches in a controlled and save manner. When triggered, the explosive charge hangs on a rope underneath the deployment box and above the snowpack to maximize its effective range. In spring the magazine is flown down and stored in a building for maintenance and prolonging the lifetime of the system, while the 10 m tower stays in place. Due to these systems being placed within the release zone of the avalanches and in a high alpine environment they need to be anchored to the ground using five anchors of up to 9 m in length depending on ground conditions. An optimal planning phase ahead of construction work optimizes installation costs and avoids possible repositioning of the system in the future. Furthermore, the RACS should be placed in order to maximize the effective range of the explosive charge on the snowpack. Finding the optimal balance between minimizing the amount of systems needed while still affecting the release area with the explosive blast. QGIS supports this process of finding the optimized RACS placements and communicating proposed locations to our customers. As a base dataset a DEM of 2-5 m spatial resolution and the area of interest the customer wants to affect are used. Viewing the terrain in a 3D viewer allows to get a first understanding of the terrain in order to set the first possible locations of RACS. Due to the radial expansion of the pressure wave the explosive effect of the charge can be modeled by calculating a viewshed. Based on measurements of the pressure wave’s effect of a 4.5 kg explosive charge a 120 m radius effective range is applied for the viewshed at a viewpoint height of 4 m. After analysing the calculated viewshed, adaptions to the RACS placements can be made to further optimize the effective range. These steps will then be iterated until the optimal locations have been determined and verified in the terrain during a field visit. Versions of possible RACS placement can then be visualized in two dimensional or three dimensional maps. These maps we then use as a communication tool to the customer to discuss the amount of RACS and the optimal locations of the systems that we propose.
Passionate about exploring different (snowy) mountain ranges of the world. He manages a variety of projects incorporating remote avalanche control systems and avalanche detection systems with a focus on digitizing and improving local avalanche operations or other operations focussing on natural hazards.