FOSS4G-Asia 2023 Seoul

The question “How can Mongolia, which has a huge amount of renewable energy resources, develop “green” sources of energy in accordance with the specifics of its’ climate and energy consumption?” has become a pressing issue in the energy sector. There is an urgent need to take comprehensive measures to reduce air pollution in Ulaanbaatar, where half of the country's population lives and which has a coal-dependent energy supply. Within this, the research to create sustainable and environmentally friendly renewable energy has become a priority.
About 48 percent of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar comes from households in ger districts. To reduce this amount, the need to use solar energy for their heating is required, so it is practical to estimate the potential amount of solar energy based on digital surface models.
In this study, we used Geographic Information System (GIS) to calculate the potential amount of solar energy resources in 6 districts of central Ulaanbaatar using a digital elevation model (DEM). The DEM was calculated from a topographic map with a scale of 1: 25000. In addition, objects such as buildings and trees were added to the Ulaanbaatar city database, and a numerical surface model was developed digital surface model (DSM) and used for further processing. The results were compared with the results of previous research. The results of this work are in line with previous estimates from meteorological data surveys. In the latitudes of Ulaanbaatar, the sunshine lasts 2,800 hours a year, which is relatively longer than in the highlands. The sun shines 145-170 hours in winter, 276-300 hours in spring for 3-4 months, 290-300 hours in summer, and 225-250 hours a month in autumn and summer.
According to the study, the potential amount of solar energy resources was calculated on a total area of 206,705 hectares, and the maximum area that could store 1,200-1,500 kWh / m 2 of energy per year was 47,313 hectares. Excluding areas where it is not possible to build renewable energy facilities, such as sanitary restrictions, forests, cemeteries, farmland, special needs areas, reservoirs, waste disposal sites, and airport protection zones, 1100-1500 kWh per year. * 17,000 ha of potential energy storage area is within the boundaries of the construction restriction. This research is an unprecedented work in our country, as it calculates the potential amount of solar energy resources using a digital model of the surface. In addition, it provides an opportunity to use renewable energy for future planning and research.
In the policy of Mongolian green development main target is to reduce greenhouse gas and supporting to new friendly-environment energy sources. According to this policy, renewable energy will reach 30% in 2030 including all energy industries. This research has estimated solar radiation in Ulaanbaatar city using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Digital Surface Model (DSM), and building height information