End-to-End Deep Learning Analysis Pipeline for Early-Season Crop Mapping using Sentinel Data and Continuous Wavelet Transforms
2026-09-03 , Ran1

This talk details an end-to-end analysis pipeline for early-season crop mapping. We demonstrate how to process multi-sensor Sentinel data , automate CWT scalogram generation , and deploy optimized PyTorch CNN models. This workflow enables rapid, scalable geospatial inferencing by minimizing data sequence requirements.


Transitioning from localized scripts to robust geospatial machine learning pipelines requires a strong foundation in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). This session details the technical engineering of a deep learning pipeline designed to automate crop classification and early Start of Season (SOS) estimation. Development focuses on the programmatic ingestion and preprocessing of high-resolution multi-sensor data from Sentinel-1 (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (optical) constellations. To mitigate irregular observation gaps and cloud cover, the open-source pipeline computes vegetation indices and constructs 3D NumPy data cubes formatted for deep learning ingestion. The preprocessing module applies a 3rd-order Butterworth filter to interpolate missing values and smooth the signal into consistent weekly intervals, preventing false peaks from data anomalies. The core feature engineering component leverages Continuous Wavelet Transforms (CWT) to project 1D temporal signals into 2D time-frequency scalograms. This transformation isolates distinct phenological wave properties, generating highly separable spatial feature maps.We will explore the PyTorch implementation of this pipeline, comparing the data flow and tensor operations in CNN2D based deep learning model architecture. A key technical highlight is the custom automated incremental analysis module, which programmatically detects the mathematical knee point of validation accuracy curves to dynamically identify the minimum temporal data sequence required for reliable inferencing. By automating this threshold discovery, the PyTorch-based CNN2D architecture successfully processes CWT scalograms to achieve mapping process utilizing only a 6- to 7-month data sequence. Geared toward GIS developers and machine learning engineers, this talk provides actionable patterns for structuring complex spatial data cubes, integrating advanced signal processing into automated workflows, and deploying optimized deep learning models using a fully open-source stack.


Level of technical complexity: 3 - advanced Indicate what is (are) the open source project(s) essential in your talk:

Advanced applications of deep learning integration introduces the usage of Pytorch, Sentinel toolbox, QGIS and Open access dataset usage from end-to-end in the workflow.

I make my conference contribution available under the CC BY 4.0 license. The conference contribution comprises the abstract, the text contribution for the conference proceedings, the presentation materials as well as the video recording and live transmission of the presentation:

Sarawut Ninsawat (AIT), Dean of Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, OSGeoTH.

Ph.D in Remote Sensing and GIS, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand

Associate Professor Dr. Sittichai Choosumrong is a lecturer and researcher at the Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Thailand. His expertise includes Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Geoinformatics, Remote Sensing, UAV, IoT, Routing Service, and spatial analysis for environmental and disaster management. His research focuses on flood modeling, emergency routing systems, Web GIS, GeoAI, and smart environmental monitoring using open-source geospatial technologies. He actively works on integrating geospatial technologies with real-time data systems to support sustainable development, public safety, and decision-making applications.