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UID:pretalx-foss4g-2023-academic-track-7RPUJL@talks.osgeo.org
DTSTART;TZID=CET:20230629T150000
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DESCRIPTION:Today\, there is a growing use of airborne sensors in archaeolo
 gy\, especially to investigate the surface of vast territories quickly and
  accurately. Airborne laser scanning technologies from small remotely pilo
 ted aircraft are rapidly turning towards more and more performing solution
 s for the investigation of archaeological traces hidden by vegetation or s
 oil deposits substantial. The proposed contribution aims to fit into this 
 field of archaeological research by presenting "UAVIMALS" (Unmanned Aerial
  Vehicle Integrated with Micro Airborne Laser Scanner)\, a new system of a
 erial remote sensing of "shadow marks” (Masini – Lasaponara 2017\; p. 
 32) designed for surface archaeological investigations\, the result of an 
 Early Carrer Grant funded by the National Geographic Society. The system\,
  consisting of a custom drone based on an open architecture and software f
 or vehicle control and data processing\, integrates a solid-state laser se
 nsor\, commonly designed to avoid obstacles\, but here exploited to proces
 s a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) accurate of small surfaces with a signific
 ant reduction in acquisition time and cost. The ambition of the UAVIMALS p
 roject was not to create an airborne LIDAR at low cost and less performing
  than those already on the market\, but rather to create an instrument of 
 easy transportability\, less expensive and equally precise. We believe the
  solution represents a breakthrough in research into airborne laser scanne
 r technologies.\nThe acquisition of three-dimensional images at very high 
 morphometric resolution\, has proved to be a fundamental practice for the 
 study of various contexts of our planet\, but in the archaeological field\
 , in particular\, drone remote sensing is an extremely important practice 
 for the investigation of ancient structures\, sometimes still unexplored\,
  not otherwise searchable by other means\, such as excavation and reconnai
 ssance activities\, due to uncomfortable geomorphological conditions\, pla
 ces of difficult access and traces invisible to the human eye at short dis
 tances and in particular climatic conditions (Štular- Eichert- Lozić 202
 1). Nevertheless\, most of the instruments currently on the market still h
 ave prohibitive costs for archaeological research\, as well as unfavourabl
 e dimensions to meet transport needs in inaccessible places in the absence
  of transport. The realization of the system presented has tried to overco
 me these critical issues by working on the hardware solution best suited t
 o the needs of an investigation of aerial archaeology\, by using a type of
  lidar sensor never used for remote sensing by drone. The instrument\, wit
 h its low cost and dimensions\, was born as a system for autonomous drivin
 g on road vehicles (https://leddarsensor.com/solutions/m16-multi-segment-s
 ensor-module/) and was customized on a self-built drone to obtain a protot
 ype of the 'very light' class. Following the experimentation in two differ
 ent archaeological contexts\, the work continued with the resolution of th
 e second criticality\, that is the creation of a software useful for the c
 ontrol of the medium in phase of flight but also able to monitor the acqui
 red data finalizing a first graphical elaboration. Currently\, in fact\, i
 t is possible to work the clouds of lidar data points only through dedicat
 ed software (Cloude Compare\; 3D Zephyr\; QGIS etc.) that not being connec
 ted with the drone\, do not allow a real-time visualization of what is see
 n by the sensor and prevent a preliminary first monitoring of any archaeol
 ogical presence hidden in the overflight area. The DEM\, meshes and clouds
  of points obtained from the sensor can then be loaded into geospatial sof
 tware such as QGIS\, allowing spatial\, territorial\, and geomorphological
  analysis of the data acquired using specific tools. If for other contexts
  of application such activity may be superfluous\, in the archaeological f
 ield\, a system like the one thought can represent a concrete possibility 
 of widening of the archaeological investigations that in such a way would 
 be speeded up by a tool of observation as well as facilitated by a cost wi
 dely accessible to the funds given to the research university. The system\
 , moreover\, would allow to speed up also the preliminary archaeological o
 perations preliminary to the realization of any public work\, through an i
 mmediate verification of the possible archaeological presence in the areas
  affected by the operations\, thus avoiding costly design changes in the p
 rocess. The proposed contribution\, therefore\, would present not only the
  hardware and software solution developed\, but also the preliminary resul
 ts obtained from its application in the archaeological context of Leopoli 
 - Cencelle\, a medieval city\, about 60 km north of Rome\, where critical 
 issues such as the extent of the site\, the presence of large elevation ch
 anges and dense vegetation have always complicated the excavation activiti
 es on the hill\, still leaving much of the unexplored city. In this contex
 t\, in fact\, remote sensing by drone\, has proved to be an effective meth
 od for the investigation of ancient structures with a different degree of 
 archaeological visibility in which the evidence is not yet completely abov
 e ground and are obliterated by high and medium stem vegetation.  The exam
 ination\, although the result of an experimental activity\, not only made 
 it possible to identify anomalies relating to structures not yet intercept
 ed by the excavation operations but also encouraged the planning of future
  investigation campaigns\, allowing a more conscious planning of the areas
  of interest.
DTSTAMP:20260413T214151Z
LOCATION:UBT E / N209 - Floor 3
SUMMARY:UAVIMALS: the "open" remote sensing system for surface archaeologic
 al investigations. - Federica Vacatello
URL:https://talks.osgeo.org/foss4g-2023-academic-track/talk/7RPUJL/
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